Worked on the design process for a project based on fault detection by phasor measurement unit pmu which uses synchro phasor concept. This is where all information captured from the field via manual reading, automated control systems. Phasor measurement unit databased states and parameters estimation in power system by hossein ghassempour aghamolki a dissertation submitted in partial ful llment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy department of electrical engineering college of engineering university of south florida major professor. It is related to a more general concept called analytic representation, which decomposes a sinusoid into the product of a complex constant and a factor that encapsulates the frequency. The role played by phasor measurement units pmu in power grid monitoring systems. A pmu is created in matlab which can be used as simulation software for. Phasor measurement units pmus and synchrophasors offer valuable contribution to the dynamic monitoring of transient processes in energy supply systems. The phasor diagram is drawn corresponding to time zero t 0 on the horizontal axis. A phasor measurement unit pmu or a synchrophasor measures electrical waves on grid. A pmu placement strategy is developed and analyzed on ieee 14 bus test system. The wams consists of several sensors known as the phasor measurement units pmus that collect. Synchronized phasor measurements have become the measurement technique of choice for electric power systems. Construction of a phasor measurement unit pmu for power.
Figure 2 schematic for communication module of openpmu 5. The second software application, cygwin, sends the files to the aeso. This paper proposes extended kalman filter ekf based dynamic state estimator for power systems using phasor measurement unit pmu data. These values get a high precision time stamp and together with the values of power frequency, power frequency change rate and optional binary data that are also time stamped are transmitted to a central analysis station. One is the pmu streamreader software, provided by the aeso, used to read streaming data from the pmu and create and store.
The beauty of this device lies in its synchronized measurement of phasors at multiple remote measurement points in. Dynamic state estimation in power systems provides synchronized wide area system history of the dynamic events which is key in the analysis and understanding of the system performance, behavior, and the types of control decisions to be made for. The watthour meter block diagram above illustrates how its components work together to register consumed electrical power. The functional block diagram of the above microcontroller in micropmu prototype is given in fig. Development of a micro phasor measurement unit for. The paper provides a short history of the phasor measurement unit pmu concept. The phasor magnitudes displayed in the powergui stay in peak or rms values even if.
The vizimax phasor measurement unit pmu is a high accuracy platform for acquisition and fast data publishing current and voltage synchrophasors, current and voltage direct sequences, frequency and rocof for advanced high and medium voltage power system monitoring, protection and control. It is an ideal solution for pmu designers and manufacturers, as well as for national metrology institutes nmis. Pmu phasor measurement unit consists of an anti aliasing filter,ad converter,gps unit,pll oscillator, microprocessor unit,modem transmitter etc. A phasor measurement unit pmu is a device used to estimate the magnitude and phase angle of an electrical phasor quantity such as voltage or current in the electricity grid using a common time source for synchronization. Applications of phasor measurement units pmus african journals. Application of phasor measurement units for disturbance. In physics and engineering, a phasor a portmanteau of phase vector, is a complex number representing a sinusoidal function whose amplitude a, angular frequency. A matlab based simulink model of the phasor measurement unit and phasor data concentrator for data storage and a common reference time data is also developed in matlab. Phasor measurement units pmu is the modern technological device built in late 1980s to measure phasors of sinusoidal electrical quantities in the electric power grid. The 65apmucal phasor measurement unit calibration system is the only fully automated and traceable pmu calibration system available today. Construction of a phasor measurement unit pmu for power system applications by onisokonikumen valiant sampson a thesis submitted to the faculty of graduate studies of the university of manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science department of electrical and computer engineering university of manitoba. It connects to the line, measures instantaneous voltage and current, and then derives other measurements by calculating. The dissertation investigates the impacts of variations of line power flow increment and topology errors on convergence property of the wls state estimator. Phasor measurement unit res670 ansi operators manual.
Due to its enhanced situational awareness capabilities, many applications of pmus are presented in the literature in the past decades. Grid operators like the bonneville power administration are already using pmu data recorded during normal plant operations and grid events to validate grid and power plant models quickly and at lower cost. Phasor measurement units pmus history of pmus invented in 1988 at virginia tech 1st commercial pmu in 1992 1st synchrophasor standard. Measure threephase currents and voltages in circuit. The software and hardware described in this document is furnished under a license and. Download scientific diagram block diagram of phasor measurement unit from. Synchronized phasor measurements synchrophasors provide realtime measurement of electrical quantities from across a power system. Phasor parameters can be estimated in different ways. Applications include widearea control, system model validation, determining stability margins, maximizing stable. Synchrophasors are measured by fast timestamped devices called phasor measurement units pmus to constitute the basis of realtime monitoring and control actions in the electric grid. It is described as a graphical language for depicting signal and data flows through blocks, which are reusable software elements. The first section of this paper will explain each block in figure 1 as it pertains to testing pmus.
Kilowatt hours is only one parameter a digital power meter can measure. The term function block diagram fbd is used for plc programs described in terms of graphical blocks. Function block diagram an overview sciencedirect topics. Virtualization of synchronized phasor measurement units within.
Thus a block is represented in the manner shown in figure 5. Synchrophasor technology provides a tool for system operators and planners to measure the. Applications of synchrophasor technologies in power systems. The steadystate voltage and current phasors measured by the threephase vi measurement block can be obtained from the powergui block by selecting steadystate voltages and currents. In addition, phasor measurement unit pmu measurements are applied in state estimation to verify if they could solve the divergence problem and improve state estimation accuracy. A function block is a program instruction unit that, when executed, yields one or more output values. Phasor measurement units, wams, and their applications in. Phasor diagram and phasor algebra used in ac circuits. Synchrophasors schweitzer engineering laboratories. This has been made possible by the availability of global positioning system gps.
The algorithms used are those from the paper exploring the relative performance of frequencytracking and fixedfilter phasor measurement unit algorithms under c37. The process required to run tests on the sel421 and the sel487 phasor measurement unit pmu hardware requires several steps and an understanding of the block diagram shown in figure 1. Optimal pmu placement in power system network is an important task. Phasor measurement unit pmu general protection siemens. Dia is roughly inspired by the commercial windows program visio, though more geared towards informal diagrams for casual use.
Scalable and modular substation hardened phasor measurement devices for connection up to 10 3 phase circuits to calculate and stream phasors. They can be used within matlab simulink simulations. Nuqui, state estimation and voltage security monitoring using synchronized phasor measurements, doctorate dissertation, virginia polytechnic institute, blacksburg, va, july 2, 2001. The phasor measurement units provide synchronized positive sequence voltage and current measurements within a microsecond. Model validation using phasor measurement unit data. I would like to make the phasor vectors look like arrows. Block diagram of pmu phasor parameters can be estimated in different ways. Implements a phasor measurement unit using a phaselocked. The lengths of the phasors are proportional to the values of the voltage, v and the current, i at the instant in time that the phasor diagram is drawn. This software contains executable examples of p and m class pmus phasor measurement units with frequency tracking and adaptive filters. Phasor handout, part 2 adding phasors bucknell university. A phasor measurement unit pmu is a device used to estimate the magnitude and phase. The pmu pllbased, positivesequence block implements a phasor measurement unit pmu using a phaselocked loop pll, which computes the positivesequence component of the input abc signal over a running window of one cycle of fundamental frequency given by input abc.
The n60 network stability and synchrophasor measurement system is a flexible device intended for the development of load shedding, remedial action, special protection schemes and wide area monitoring and control. Open source software for electric power industry tesfatsion. The pmu will also require communication circuit connection modem if using 4wire connection or ethernet for network connection. Phasor measurement units pmus and time synchronization. Phasor measurement unit databased states and parameters. Ni software and api to develop test modules, manage test results, perform dut control, and connect to other software such as a manufacturing execution systems block diagram of typical vrts configuration vrts is compatible with third party rf measurement instruments and can be complemented with nis. Power system state estimation using phasor measurement units.
Pmus have evolved into a practical tool for measurement of positive sequence associated with power system. Time synchronization is usually provided by gps and allows synchronized realtime measurements of multiple remote points on the grid. The current phasor lags the voltage phasor by the angle. The resultant phasor can be determined from the vector addition of the phasors. Block diagram of phasor measurement unit download scientific. Plant engineering power measurement devices and how they. There are two key pieces of software required to read, store and send the data. Matlab based simulink model of phasor measurement unit. Within data parameters, phasor measurement units generate a huge flow of points due to high scanning resolution 1ms. The phasor diagram for these two oscillations looks like this. Pmu overview of function a phasor measurement unit pmu measures the phasor values of current and voltage. Like no one device before, the n60 shares realtime operational data to remote n60s so the system can generate intelligent decisions.
Synchronized phasors synchrophasors provide a realtime measurement of electrical quantities from across the power system. Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the original design for the pmu. The signal can be a set of three balanced or unbalanced signals which may contain harmonics. Phasor measurement unit pmu a device mostly microprocessor based which reports the magnitude and phase angle of an analog and or derived phasor with respect to the global time reference, as per the synchrophasor standards ieee 44, ieee c37.
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